Comparative time-lapse morphokinetic signatures of camel embryos produced by IVF, ICSI, parthenogenesis, and zona-free parthenogenesis.

This study aimed -for the first time-to analyze the time-lapse morphokinetic parameters associated with the in vitro development of camel embryos produced by different procedures: parthenogenetic activation (zona-intact or zona-free), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and in vitro fertilization. Monitored using a time-lapse monitoring system, we tracked key developmental events such as the timing of the first cleavage divisions, morula compaction, blastocele formation, and blastocyst hatching. These data provide a more detailed view of camel preimplantation embryo division patterns and help evaluate embryo quality more accurately. The reported morphokinetic parameters provide a foundational dataset that could, in future studies, support the development of artificial intelligence-assisted models for early prediction of blastocyst formation and developmental competence.