Decomposition and transfer of individual Q-values for decision-making of multi-agent reinforcement learning with communication.

In partially observable multi-agent tasks, communication modules need to be trained to supplement information for decision-making, and decision-making modules need to be trained to analyze received information. This leads to their coupling during the process of multi-agent reinforcement learning. To alleviate the difficulty from the coupling, two transfer-based frameworks are proposed. The Simple Transfer Framework converts a difficult reinforcement learning into an easy one and a supervised learning. The Decomposition and Transfer Framework further decomposes this supervised learning into two simpler ones, based on the decomposition of communication-based individual Q-values. They are decomposed into local individual Q-values and their deviations. Based on this framework, the mutual information neural estimation is introduced to train message generators independently. The proposed frameworks are verified by training two communication-based architectures. They outperform direct reinforcement learning algorithms across various team sizes tested in the Drone Fight. The independent training method effectively facilitates the transfer of the deviations.