The application and progress of AI-based image analysis in tumor organoid research.

The development of preclinical models that recapitulate the physiological and pathological features of human tumors remains a central challenge in cancer research. Advances in cell biology have enabled the generation of three-dimensional tumor organoids, which closely mirror patient-specific therapeutic responses and facilitate the study of disease mechanisms. However, the trend of these models necessitates a shift from traditional, invasive analytical methods toward non-invasive, high-throughput imaging approaches. Here, we review the current state of tumor organoid culture and the emerging application of artificial intelligence (AI) in their evaluation. We discuss how AI-driven technologies are revolutionizing the analysis of fluorescence imaging, viability assessments, and dynamic cell tracking, thereby overcoming the limitations of manual interpretation. Finally, we provide a perspective on how integrating deep learning with organoid technology will enhance the precision and efficiency of drug discovery and personalized oncology.