Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Precision Education: A Novel Tool to Augment Radiology Residency Training.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Radiology residency often fails to account for individual differences between residents or provide sufficient exposure to diverse pathologies. We sought to evaluate whether artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled "Precision Education" can accurately identify and address individual radiology resident pathology exposure gaps through supplemental personalized teaching cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A curriculum outlined types and frequencies of important pathologies (IPs) residents should encounter during postgraduate years 2 through 4 (PGY-2 through PGY-4). Daily resident "live" clinical reports were analyzed by ChatGPT-4o prompts to detect IPs encountered. Each resident's live cases were then supplemented with curated anonymized teaching cases, with priority given to IPs encountered below curriculum-defined target thresholds to date. Volumes and IP exposure were compared between pre- (2022-2023) and postintervention (2024-2025) academic years. RESULTS: ChatGPT-4o demonstrated over 91% precision and recall in accurately identifying IPs. Unique IPs encountered by residents significantly increased postintervention from median 75-107 to 93.5-144 in abdominal, 43.5-70 to 73-99 in musculoskeletal, 32.5-38 to 64.5-79 in neuro-, 39.5-49 to 82-96.5 in pediatric, and 42.5-56 to 49.3-85.3 in thoracic imaging (all p < 0.05). Residents met significantly more curriculum-defined targets postintervention, increasing from a median 54-64 to 78.5-131.5 in abdominal, 21-49 to 51.5-75.5 in musculoskeletal, 3.5-9 to 21-38 in neuro-, 13.5-21 to 51.5-72 in pediatric, and 12.5-33 to 23-58 in thoracic imaging (all p < 0.05). Median live case interpretations were not significantly reduced by the intervention, aside from PGY-3 abdominal imaging cases (p = 0.0489). CONCLUSION: Personalized AI-enabled Precision Education accurately identified resident pathology exposure gaps, enhanced exposure to IPs, and maintained clinical training opportunities.