AI Based Cough Analysis for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Triage and Diagnosis: A Technical Review.

Artificial intelligence-based cough analysis has emerged as a potential non-sputum approach for pulmonary tuberculosis triage and diagnostic support. This technical review synthesizes evidence from cough-based TB studies, highlighting current datasets, AI methods, performance benchmarks, implementation requirements, and translational barriers. We identify key limitations, including dataset bias, recording variability, limited prospective validation, and insufficient evidence in early-stage or asymptomatic TB populations.