Revolutionizing Pancreatic Cancer Detection: The Role of AI-Integrated Biosensors in Early Diagnostics.

Pancreatic cancer, particularly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is among the most aggressive malignancies, often progresses silently until advanced stages, which significantly contributes to high mortality rates. The development of biosensor technologies, when augmented by artificial intelligence (AI), represents a paradigm shift in early pancreatic cancer detection by enhancing analytical sensitivity and specificity, while enabling real-time data processing. This review critically evaluates AI-driven biosensors, including enzyme-based, immunosensor, nucleic acid, electrochemical, and optical platforms, highlighting their potential in detecting tumor-associated biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and microRNAs with unprecedented precision. AI-powered biosensors leverage machine learning and deep learning algorithms for pattern recognition, predictive modeling, and multi-sensor data integration, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy and facilitating personalized medicine. Despite the transformative potential of these innovations, challenges remain, particularly concerning data standardization, clinical validation, regulatory compliance, and ethical considerations. Addressing these limitations through interdisciplinary research and translational efforts will be critical for the successful deployment of AI-integrated biosensors in clinical oncology. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current landscape, emerging trends, and future perspectives of AI-enhanced biosensor technologies for pancreatic cancer diagnostics. It highlights their potential to improve early detection, prognostic assessment, and patient outcomes.