Empowering cardiovascular care: a comprehensive approach using advanced machine learning models and algorithmic optimization.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the global health issues, exacerbated by lifestyle changes, environmental influences, and plastic pollution. Algorithms are used in the healthcare industry to optimize patient care and prevent complications. Connections with machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) enhance timely detection, more accurate projections, reduced risk, and better patient outcomes. This technological progress makes medical processes easier, faster, and better, and optimizes the use of resources with as little high-level human involvement as possible during interventions. To undertake this exploration, 4 different ML models were used: Hist Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, Random Forest, and Extra Trees; and a challenging comparison was made to select an optimum model for use. The accuracy of the selected model was optimized for the enhancement of accuracy and combined with the base model (initial model) using the following algorithms: Original FPA algorithm, Original PSS algorithm, JADE algorithm, Enhanced AEO algorithm, Enhanced TWO algorithm. Evaluation results indicate that the Hist Gradient Boosting model is more competent than the rest. The evaluation results showed that the other machine learning models were not able to perform as well as Hist Gradient Boosting. Based on the results of the evaluated optimization methods, the combination of Hist Gradient Boosting and Original PSS outperformed the others on the test dataset with a 0.7408 F1 score, showing the effectiveness of the proposed optimized framework for the prediction of cardiovascular disease.