A Clinician's Guide to Artificial Intelligence: How to Critically Appraise Machine Learning Studies.

Journal: Translational vision science & technology
Published Date: Feb 12, 2020

Abstract

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the prospect of machine learning models demonstrating expert-level diagnosis in multiple disease contexts. However, there is concern that the excitement around this field may be associated with inadequate scrutiny of methodology and insufficient adoption of scientific good practice in the studies involving artificial intelligence in health care. This article aims to empower clinicians and researchers to critically appraise studies of clinical applications of machine learning, through: (1) introducing basic machine learning concepts and nomenclature; (2) outlining key applicable principles of evidence-based medicine; and (3) highlighting some of the potential pitfalls in the design and reporting of these studies.

Authors

  • Livia Faes
    Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Eye Clinic, Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.
  • Xiaoxuan Liu
    Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation University of Birmingham Birmingham Reino Unido Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Reino Unido.
  • Siegfried K Wagner
    National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
  • Dun Jack Fu
    Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
  • Konstantinos Balaskas
    School of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, NHS Central Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom.
  • Dawn A Sim
    National Institutes of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre Biomedical Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
  • Lucas M Bachmann
    Medignition, Research Consultants, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Pearse A Keane
    National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
  • Alastair K Denniston
    Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research Institute of Applied Health Research University of Birmingham Birmingham Reino Unido Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Reino Unido.

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