Bone mineral density in midlife long-term users of hormonal contraception in South Africa: relationship with obesity and menopausal status.

Journal: Women's midlife health
Published Date: Apr 10, 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In South Africa, hormonal contraception is widely used in women over the age of 40 years. One of these methods and the most commonly used is depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) which has been found to have a negative effect on bone mass. Limited information is available on the effect of norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) on bone mass, and combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have not been found to be associated with loss of bone mass. The aim of this study was to investigate bone mineral density (BMD) in pre and perimenopausal women (40-49 years) in relation to use of DMPA, NET-EN and COCs for at least 12 months preceding recruitment into the study and review associations with body mass index (BMI) and menopausal status.

Authors

  • Mags E Beksinska
    1MatCH Research Unit [Maternal, Adolescent and Child Health Research Unit], Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 40 Dr AB Xuma Street,11th floor, Suite 1108-9,Commercial City, Durban, 4001 South Africa.
  • Immo Kleinschmidt
    2London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E England.
  • Jenni A Smit
    1MatCH Research Unit [Maternal, Adolescent and Child Health Research Unit], Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 40 Dr AB Xuma Street,11th floor, Suite 1108-9,Commercial City, Durban, 4001 South Africa.

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