Artificial Intelligence Medical Compendium

Explore the latest research on artificial intelligence and machine learning in medicine.

Showing 1,691 to 1,700 of 213,568 articles

Spatio-temporal 3D Mapping of Mouse Cerebellar Vascularization during Embryonic Development

bioRxiv Jul 16, 2026
Despite major advances in the study of cerebellar neurogenesis, cerebellar angiogenesis during embryogenesis remains poorly described. Recent advances in tissue clearing, light-sheet microscopy, and artificial intelligence have increasingly enabled d... read more 
neuroscience

Biological Continued Pretraining Reshapes the Capability Profile of a Foundation Model Without Catastrophic Forgetting

bioRxiv Jul 16, 2026
It is widely assumed that continued pretraining (CPT) on a narrow, out-of-distribution corpus such as raw biological sequence must trade away a general-purpose model's broad competence --- the "alignment tax" or catastrophic-forgetting intuition. We ... read more 
bioinformatics

Multi-Agent Dynamic Refinement Outperforms Static RAG in Clinical Reasoning for Complex Nephrology Cases

medRxiv Jul 16, 2026
Background: Large language models (LLMs) struggle with dynamic, longitudinal clinical reasoning. We developed a Multi-Stage Iterative Clinical Reasoning Agent framework to address this gap and systematically decouple the clinical efficacy of static r... read more 
nephrology

In Silico Trial Simulation with Artificial Intelligence-Generated Synthetic Control Cohorts Reproduces Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

medRxiv Jul 16, 2026
Rising costs, slow accrual and molecular substratification of cancers necessitate novel clinical trial designs. We demonstrate that artificial intelligence-generated synthetic patients can replace real controls to reproduce results of the SORAML tria... read more 
health informatics

Sex Differences in the Alzheimer's Brain Age Gap: APOE ε4 Plays a Major Role

medRxiv Jul 16, 2026
INTRODUCTION: Brain age gap (BAG) is the difference between a person's chronological age and the age predicted from the structural appearance of their brain on MRI. A higher BAG indicates an older-appearing brain and provides a global marker of struc... read more 
neurology

Analytical perturbation reveals hidden instability of biological phenotypes

medRxiv Jul 16, 2026
Background Unsupervised machine learning has become a cornerstone of computational phenotyping across clinical medicine, genomics, imaging, and multi-omics research. However, phenotype discovery relies on a sequence of analytical decisions - includin... read more 
endocrinology

Multi-matrix copper exposure is associated with reduced olfactory bulb volume and odor sensitivity in adolescents

medRxiv Jul 16, 2026
Copper (Cu) is an essential metal involved in neurobiological processes including energy metabolism and neurotransmission, yet dysregulated Cu levels may adversely affect brain health and olfactory performance. Although olfactory dysfunction has prim... read more 
occupational and environmental health

ReCo: a self-configuring and self-extending agentic framework for biomedical research

medRxiv Jul 16, 2026
This study presents ReCo (Research Cosmos), a self-configuring and self-extending agentic research framework for the biomedical domain. ReCo is orchestrated by a large language model that interacts with native computing tools, bundled Model Context P... read more 
health informatics

Benchmarking Speech Recognition Models for Medical Consultations in Latin American Spanish: A Comparative Evaluation with Fine-Tuning

medRxiv Jul 16, 2026
BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) medical scribes rely on speech-to-text (STT) models for transcription. Evaluations of STT models in non-English settings remain scarce. We benchmarked ten STT models on medical consultations from Latin America... read more 
public and global health

Parameter-efficient deep learning for pneumonia detection on chest X-rays: A comparative evaluation of explainable AI methods

medRxiv Jul 16, 2026
Pneumonia is a leading cause of infectious disease mortality worldwide, accounting for approximately 2.5 million deaths annually and 15% of deaths in children under five. Chest X-ray imaging remains the primary diagnostic tool, but accurate interpret... read more 
radiology and imaging
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