Artificial Intelligence Medical Compendium

Explore the latest research on artificial intelligence and machine learning in medicine.

Showing 18,201 to 18,210 of 214,278 articles

Unexpected benefits of self-modelling in neural systems.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences May 14, 2026
Self-models have been a topic of interest for decades in human cognition and more recently in machine learning. Yet what benefits do self-models confer? Here we show that when an artificial network learns to predict its internal states as an auxiliar... read more 

A 'good' regulator may provide a world model for intelligent systems.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences May 14, 2026
One classic idea from the cybernetics literature is the Every Good Regulator Theorem (EGRT). The EGRT provides a means to identify good regulation, or the conditions under which an agent (regulator) can match the dynamical behaviour of a system. We r... read more 

What physics offers for artificial intelligence? Lessons from the brain's inner time and its dynamics.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences May 14, 2026
Computing can take advantage of physics-that is, 'whatever physics offers' (Jaeger et al. 2023 Nat. Commun. 14, 4911 (doi:10.1038/s41467-023-40533-1)). One of the key features physics provides is time: it describes rules and makes predictions about h... read more 

Brains and where else? Mapping theories of consciousness to unconventional embodiments.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences May 14, 2026
It is assumed that a useful theory of consciousness (ToC) will explain why consciousness is associated with brains. However, the findings of evolutionary biology, developmental bioelectricity and synthetic bioengineering reveal ancient pre-neural roo... read more 

Cognitive glues are shared models of relative scarcities: the economics of collective intelligence.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences May 14, 2026
Collective intelligence has emergent problem-solving capacities that are different than those of its subunits. The plethora of multi-scale systems within nature and society makes it imperative to understand the interaction policies necessary and suff... read more 

Is there an 'I' in AI?

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences May 14, 2026
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Levels of analysis for large language models.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences May 14, 2026
Modern artificial intelligence systems, such as large language models, are increasingly powerful but also increasingly hard to understand. Recognizing this problem as analogous to the historical difficulties in understanding the human mind, we argue ... read more 

Human-level learning of complex novel tasks as theory-based modelling, exploration and planning.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences May 14, 2026
Humans are remarkable in their ability to quickly learn to perform complex tasks. Reinforcement learning (RL) has long been proposed as a model of human learning, and while leading machine RL models have surpassed human expertise at many classic boar... read more 

On the representation complexity of model-based and model-free reinforcement learning.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences May 14, 2026
We study the representation complexity of model-based and model-free reinforcement learning (RL) via circuit complexity. We prove that there exists a broad class of Markov decision processes whose underlying transition and reward functions can be rep... read more 

Revisiting Rogers' Paradox in the context of human-AI interaction.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences May 14, 2026
People learn about the world in many ways: from conducting experiments to copying others' behaviour. The choices we make about how to learn can impact the collective understanding of a whole population, were others to learn from us. Alan Rogers devel... read more 
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