Development of analytical "aroma wheels" for Oolong tea infusions (Shuixian and Rougui) and prediction of dynamic aroma release and colour changes during "Chinese tea ceremony" with machine learning.

Journal: Food chemistry
PMID:

Abstract

The flavour of tea as a worldwide popular beverage has been studied extensively. This study aimed to apply established flavour analysis techniques (GC-MS, GC-O-MS and APCI-MS/MS) in innovative ways to characterise the flavour profile of oolong tea infusions for two types of oolong tea (type A- Shuixian, type B- Rougui). GC-MS identified 48 aroma compounds, with type B having a higher abundance of most compounds. GC-O-MS analysis determined the noticeable aroma difference based on 20 key aroma compounds, facilitating the creation of an analytical "Aroma Wheel" with 8 key odour descriptors. APCI-MS/MS assessed real-time aroma release during successive brews linked with the "Chinese tea ceremony" (Gongfu Cha). Multivariate Polynomial Regression (MPR) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network approaches were applied to aroma and colour data from seven successive brews. The results revealed a progressive decline in both colour and aroma with seven repeated brews, particularly notable after the fourth brew.

Authors

  • Ni Yang
    School of Accounting, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China.
  • Juliette Simon
    International Flavour Research Centre, Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.; Graduate School of Materials, Food and Chemistry - ENSMAC in Bordeaux, France.
  • Wanping Fang
    College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, China.
  • Charfedinne Ayed
    International Flavour Research Centre, Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
  • Wei Emma Zhang
    School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
  • Matthew Axell
    School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
  • Robin Viltoriano
    School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
  • Ian Fisk
    School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; International Flavour Research Centre (Adelaide), School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.