Large Language Model-Assisted Surgical Consent Forms in Non-English Language: Content Analysis and Readability Evaluation.

Journal: Journal of medical Internet research
Published Date: Jun 19, 2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Surgical consent forms convey critical information; yet, their complex language can limit patient comprehension. Large language models (LLMs) can simplify complex information and improve readability, but evidence of the impact of LLM-generated modifications on content preservation in non-English consent forms is lacking.

Authors

  • Namkee Oh
    Department of Surgery.
  • Jongman Kim
  • Sunghae Park
    Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Ilwonro, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 82 1093650277.
  • Sunghyo An
    Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Ilwonro, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 82 1093650277.
  • Eunjin Lee
    Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Ilwonro, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 82 1093650277.
  • Hayeon Do
    Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Ilwonro, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 82 1093650277.
  • Jiyoung Baik
    Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Ilwonro, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 82 1093650277.
  • Suk Min Gwon
    Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Ilwonro, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 82 1093650277.
  • Jinsoo Rhu
    Department of Surgery.
  • Gyu-Seong Choi
    Department of Surgery.
  • Seonmin Park
    Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Ilwonro, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 82 1093650277.
  • Jai Young Cho
    Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
  • Hae Won Lee
    Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea.
  • Boram Lee
    Department of Surgery , Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seoul , Korea.
  • Eun Sung Jeong
    Department of Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea.
  • Jeong-Moo Lee
    Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  • YoungRok Choi
    Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
  • Jieun Kwon
    g Department of Othopaedic Surgery , National Police Hospital , Seoul.
  • Kyeong Deok Kim
    Department of Surgery, Inha University Hospital & College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea.
  • Seok-Hwan Kim
    The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  • Gwang-Sik Chun
    Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

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