Research Gaps, Challenges, and Opportunities in Automated Insulin Delivery Systems.

Journal: Journal of diabetes science and technology
Published Date: Jul 1, 2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Since the discovery of the life-saving hormone insulin in 1921 by Dr Frederick Banting in 1921, there have been many critical discoveries and technical breakthroughs that have enabled people living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to live longer, healthier lives. The development of insulin pumps, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, and automated insulin delivery (AID) systems have enabled people living with T1D to safely manage their glucose, reduce their HbA1c, and improve their overall health and quality of life. Nevertheless, AID systems are not yet designed for all people with T1D, and they perform best during the overnight period when meals and exercise are not occurring. AID systems are not fully automated in that they require the person using the system to announce meals and exercise to the system to avoid dangerous hyper- or hypoglycemia, respectively.

Authors

  • Peter G Jacobs
  • Carol J Levy
    Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
  • Sue A Brown
    Center for Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
  • Michael C Riddell
    York University, Toronto, Canada.
  • Ali Cinar
    1 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA.
  • Charlotte K Boughton
    Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
  • Marc D Breton
    Center for Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
  • Eyal Dassau
    Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  • Greg Forlenza
    Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
  • Robert J Henderson
    Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida, USA.
  • Roman Hovorka
    Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
  • David M Maahs
    Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
  • Medha Munshi
    Joslin Diabetes Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  • Helen Murphy
    Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.
  • Sarit Polsky
    Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
  • Richard Pratley
    Advent Health Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA.
  • Melissa S Putman
    Diabetes Research Center, Mass General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  • Viral N Shah
    Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
  • Leah M Wilson
    2 Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Harold Schnitzer Diabetes Health Center Oregon, Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
  • Howard Zisser
    Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
  • Laya Ekhlaspour
    Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

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