Assessment of Recommendations Provided to Athletes Regarding Sleep Education by GPT-4o and Google Gemini: Comparative Evaluation Study.

Journal: JMIR formative research
Published Date: Jul 8, 2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Inadequate sleep is prevalent among athletes, affecting adaptation to training and performance. While education on factors influencing sleep can improve sleep behaviors, large language models (LLMs) may offer a scalable approach to provide sleep education to athletes.

Authors

  • Lukas Masur
    Department of Sports Science and Movement Pedagogy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
  • Matthew Driller
    School of Allied Health, Human Services, and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
  • Haresh Suppiah
    School of Allied Health, Human Services, and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
  • Manuel Matzka
    Department of Sports Science, Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science & Training, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
  • Billy Sperlich
    Integrative & Experimental Exercise Science & Training, Department of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
  • Peter Düking
    Department of Sports Science and Movement Pedagogy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.

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