Magnetic bio-hybrid micro actuators.

Journal: Nanoscale
Published Date: Mar 24, 2022

Abstract

Over the past two decades, there has been a growing body of work on wireless devices that can operate on the length scales of biological cells and even smaller. A class of these devices receiving increasing attention are referred to as bio-hybrid actuators: tools that integrate biological cells or subcellular parts with synthetic or inorganic components. These devices are commonly controlled through magnetic manipulation as magnetic fields and gradients can be generated with a high level of control. Recent work has demonstrated that magnetic bio-hybrid actuators can address common challenges in small scale fabrication, control, and localization. Additionally, it is becoming apparent that these magnetically driven bio-hybrid devices can display high efficiency and, in many cases, have the potential for self-repair and even self-replication. Combining these properties with magnetically driven forces and torques, which can be transmitted over significant distances, can be highly controlled, and are biologically safe, gives magnetic bio-hybrid actuators significant advantages over other classes of small scale actuators. In this review, we describe the theory and mechanisms required for magnetic actuation, classify bio-hybrid actuators by their diverse organic components, and discuss their current limitations. Insights into the future of coupling cells and cell-derived components with magnetic materials to fabricate multi-functional actuators are also provided.

Authors

  • David Quashie
    Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida, USA, 32310. jali@eng.famu.fsu.edu.
  • Prateek Benhal
    Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida, USA, 32310. jali@eng.famu.fsu.edu.
  • Zhi Chen
    Duke University.
  • Zihan Wang
    Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
  • Xueliang Mu
    Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China, 518055.
  • Xiaoxia Song
    Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
  • Teng Jiang
    Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
  • Yukun Zhong
    Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China, 518055.
  • U Kei Cheang
    Department of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Engineering, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
  • Jamel Ali
    Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

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