Estimation of surface ozone concentration over Jiangsu province using a high-performance deep learning model.
Journal:
Journal of environmental sciences (China)
Published Date:
Oct 4, 2022
Abstract
Recently, the global background concentration of ozone (O) has demonstrated a rising trend. Among various methods, groun-based monitoring of O concentrations is highly reliable for research analysis. To obtain information on the spatial characteristics of O concentrations, it is necessary that the ground monitoring sites be constructed in sufficient density. In recent years, many researchers have used machine learning models to estimate surface O concentrations, which cannot fully provide the spatial and temporal information contained in a sample dataset. To solve this problem, the current study utilized a deep learning model called the Residual connection Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory network (R-ConvLSTM) to estimate daily maximum 8-hr average (MDA8) O over Jiangsu province, China during 2020. In this research, the R-ConvLSTM model not only provides the spatiotemporal information of MDA8 O, but also involves residual connection to avoid the problem of gradient explosion and gradient disappearance with the deepening of network layers. We utilized the TROPOMI total O column retrieved from Sentinel-5 Precursor, ERA5 reanalysis meteorological data, and other supplementary data to build a pre-trained dataset. The R-ConvLSTM model achieved an overall sample-base cross-validation (CV) R of 0.955 with root mean square error (RMSE) of 9.372 µg/m. Model estimation also showed a city-based CV R of 0.896 with RMSE of 14.029 µg/m, the highest MDA8 O in spring being 122.60 ± 31.60 µg/m and the lowest in winter being 69.93 ± 18.48 µg/m.