Reviewing methods of deep learning for diagnosing COVID-19, its variants and synergistic medicine combinations.

Journal: Computers in biology and medicine
PMID:

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the development of reliable diagnostic methods for accurately detecting the novel coronavirus and its variants. Deep learning (DL) techniques have shown promising potential as screening tools for COVID-19 detection. In this study, we explore the realistic development of DL-driven COVID-19 detection methods and focus on the fully automatic framework using available resources, which can effectively investigate various coronavirus variants through modalities. We conducted an exploration and comparison of several diagnostic techniques that are widely used and globally validated for the detection of COVID-19. Furthermore, we explore review-based studies that provide detailed information on synergistic medicine combinations for the treatment of COVID-19. We recommend DL methods that effectively reduce time, cost, and complexity, providing valuable guidance for utilizing available synergistic combinations in clinical and research settings. This study also highlights the implication of innovative diagnostic technical and instrumental strategies, exploring public datasets, and investigating synergistic medicines using optimised DL rules. By summarizing these findings, we aim to assist future researchers in their endeavours by providing a comprehensive overview of the implication of DL techniques in COVID-19 detection and treatment. Integrating DL methods with various diagnostic approaches holds great promise in improving the accuracy and efficiency of COVID-19 diagnostics, thus contributing to effective control and management of the ongoing pandemic.

Authors

  • Qandeel Rafique
    Department of Internal Medicine, Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal, 57040, Pakistan. Electronic address: qandeelsawalyar@gmail.com.
  • Ali Rehman
    Department of General Medicine Govt. Eye and General Hospital Lahore, 54000, Pakistan. Electronic address: alirhman974@gmail.com.
  • Muhammad Sher Afghan
    Department of Internal Medicine District Headquarter Hospital Faislaabad, 62300, Pakistan. Electronic address: mserafghan2000@gmail.com.
  • Hafiz Muhamad Ahmad
    Department of Internal Medicine District Headquarter Hospital Bahawalnagar, 62300, Pakistan. Electronic address: hafiahmad0344@gmail.com.
  • Imran Zafar
    Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virtual University Pakistan, 44000, Pakistan. Electronic address: bioinfo.pk@gmail.com.
  • Kompal Fayyaz
    Department of National Centre for Bioinformatics, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan. Electronic address: kompalfayyaz30@gmail.com.
  • Quratul Ain
    Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, 03822, Pakistan. Electronic address: chemistquainhawk@gmail.com.
  • Rehab A Rayan
    Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 21526, Egypt. Electronic address: rayana.rehab@gmail.com.
  • Khadija Mohammed Al-Aidarous
    Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Arts in Sharurah, Najran University, 51730, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: kmalaidarous@nu.edu.sa.
  • Summya Rashid
    Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: s.abdulrashid@psau.edu.sa.
  • Gohar Mushtaq
    Center for Scientific Research, Faculty of Medicine, Idlib University, Idlib, Syria. Electronic address: gmushtaq2001@gmail.com.
  • Rohit Sharma
    Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Electronic address: rohitsharma@bhu.ac.in.