Robot-Assisted Transcranial Doppler Versus Transthoracic Echocardiography for Right to Left Shunt Detection.

Journal: Stroke
PMID:

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Right to left shunt (RLS), including patent foramen ovale, is a recognized risk factor for stroke. RLS/patent foramen ovale diagnosis is made by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), which is insensitive, transesophageal echocardiography, which is invasive, and transcranial Doppler (TCD), which is noninvasive and accurate but scarce.

Authors

  • Mark N Rubin
    Edward Hines, Jr. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, IL (M.N.R.).
  • Ruchir Shah
    Sciome LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Electronic address: ruchir.shah@sciome.com.
  • Thomas Devlin
    Erlanger Health System, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Chattanooga, TN (T.D.).
  • Teddy S Youn
    Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (T.S.Y., M.F.W.).
  • Michael F Waters
    Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (T.S.Y., M.F.W.).
  • John J Volpi
    Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
  • Aaron Stayman
    Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA (A.S., C.M.D.).
  • Colleen M Douville
    Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA (A.S., C.M.D.).
  • Ted Lowenkopf
    Providence Brain and Spine Institute, Portland, OR (T.L.).
  • Georgios Tsivgoulis
    Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
  • Andrei V Alexandrov
    From the Biocomplexity Institute (V.A., R.Z.), Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering (G.T.), and Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute (R.H., J.B.-R.), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg; Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute (V.A.) and Department of Neurology (R.Z.), Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA; Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (N.G., G.T., L.E., J.E.M., A.W.A., A.V.A., R.Z.); Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon University Hospital," School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece (N.H.); and Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and UCLA Stroke Center, University of California, Los Angeles (D.S.L.).