Artificial intelligence in neurology: opportunities, challenges, and policy implications.

Journal: Journal of neurology
PMID: 38367046

Abstract

Neurological conditions are the leading cause of disability and mortality combined, demanding innovative, scalable, and sustainable solutions. Brain health has become a global priority with adoption of the World Health Organization's Intersectoral Global Action Plan in 2022. Simultaneously, rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) are revolutionizing neurological research and practice. This scoping review of 66 original articles explores the value of AI in neurology and brain health, systematizing the landscape for emergent clinical opportunities and future trends across the care trajectory: prevention, risk stratification, early detection, diagnosis, management, and rehabilitation. AI's potential to advance personalized precision neurology and global brain health directives hinges on resolving core challenges across four pillars-models, data, feasibility/equity, and regulation/innovation-through concerted pursuit of targeted recommendations. Paramount actions include swift, ethical, equity-focused integration of novel technologies into clinical workflows, mitigating data-related issues, counteracting digital inequity gaps, and establishing robust governance frameworks balancing safety and innovation.

Authors

  • Sebastian Voigtlaender
    Systems Neuroscience Division, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
  • Johannes Pawelczyk
    Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Mario Geiger
    École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
  • Eugene J Vaios
    Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
  • Philipp Karschnia
    Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University and University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany.
  • Merit Cudkowicz
    Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
  • Jorg Dietrich
    Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
  • Ira R J Hebold Haraldsen
    Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
  • Valery Feigin
    National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
  • Mayowa Owolabi
    Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
  • Tara L White
    Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
  • Paweł Świeboda
    Human Brain Project, European Union, Brussels, Belgium.
  • Nita Farahany
    Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC, USA.
  • Vivek Natarajan
    Google, Mountain View, CA, USA.
  • Sebastian F Winter
    Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. sfwinter@mgh.harvard.edu.

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