The impact and future of artificial intelligence in medical genetics and molecular medicine: an ongoing revolution.

Journal: Functional & integrative genomics
Published Date:

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) platforms have emerged as pivotal tools in genetics and molecular medicine, as in many other fields. The growth in patient data, identification of new diseases and phenotypes, discovery of new intracellular pathways, availability of greater sets of omics data, and the need to continuously analyse them have led to the development of new AI platforms. AI continues to weave its way into the fabric of genetics with the potential to unlock new discoveries and enhance patient care. This technology is setting the stage for breakthroughs across various domains, including dysmorphology, rare hereditary diseases, cancers, clinical microbiomics, the investigation of zoonotic diseases, omics studies in all medical disciplines. AI's role in facilitating a deeper understanding of these areas heralds a new era of personalised medicine, where treatments and diagnoses are tailored to the individual's molecular features, offering a more precise approach to combating genetic or acquired disorders. The significance of these AI platforms is growing as they assist healthcare professionals in the diagnostic and treatment processes, marking a pivotal shift towards more informed, efficient, and effective medical practice. In this review, we will explore the range of AI tools available and show how they have become vital in various sectors of genomic research supporting clinical decisions.

Authors

  • Firat Ozcelik
    Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
  • Mehmet Sait Dundar
    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkey.
  • A Baki Yildirim
    Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
  • Gary Henehan
    School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
  • Oscar Vicente
    Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
  • José A Sánchez-Alcázar
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain.
  • Nuriye Gokce
    Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
  • Duygu T Yildirim
    Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
  • Nurdeniz Nalbant Bingol
    Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
  • Dijana Plaseska Karanfilska
    Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Macedonia.
  • Matteo Bertelli
    MAGI'S LAB, Overeto, Italy.
  • Lejla Pojskic
    Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  • Mehmet Ercan
    Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
  • Miklos Kellermayer
    Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
  • Izem Olcay Sahin
    Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
  • Ole K Greiner-Tollersrud
    Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
  • Busra Tan
    Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
  • Donald Martin
    University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, TIMC-IMAG/SyNaBi (UMR 5525), Grenoble, France.
  • Robert Marks
    Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
  • Satya Prakash
    VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.
  • Mustafa Yakubi
    Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
  • Tommaso Beccari
    Department of Pharmeceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
  • Ratnesh Lal
    Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA.
  • Sehime G Temel
    Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
  • Isabelle Fournier
    Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192-Protéomique Réponse Inflammatoire Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, Lille, F-59000, France. isabelle.fournier@univ-lille.fr.
  • M Cerkez Ergoren
    Department of Medical Genetics, Near East University Faculty of Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus.
  • Adam Mechler
    Department of Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
  • Michel Salzet
    Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192-Protéomique Réponse Inflammatoire Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, Lille, F-59000, France.
  • Michele Maffia
    Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Via Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy.
  • Dancho Danalev
    University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • Qun Sun
    School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
  • Lembit Nei
    School of Engineering Tallinn University of Technology, Tartu College, Tartu, Estonia.
  • Daumantas Matulis
    Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
  • Dana Tapaloaga
    Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
  • Andres Janecke
    Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
  • James Bown
    School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Dundee, UK.
  • Karla Santa Cruz
    Department of Physics, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico.
  • Iza Radecka
    School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK.
  • Celal Ozturk
    Department of Software Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
  • Ozkan Ufuk Nalbantoglu
    Department of Computer Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
  • Sebnem Ozemri Sag
    Department of Medical Genetics, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.
  • Kisung Ko
    Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
  • Reynir Arngrimsson
    Iceland Landspitali University Hospital, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
  • Isabel Belo
    Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
  • Hilal Akalin
    Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. h_akaln@yahoo.com.
  • Munis Dundar
    Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. dundar@erciyes.edu.tr.