Artificial intelligence in neurosurgery: a systematic review of applications, model comparisons, and ethical implications.

Journal: Neurosurgical review
Published Date: May 29, 2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in medicine, particularly addressing neurosurgical challenges such as complex anatomical delineation and intraoperative decision-making. Despite advancements in diagnostic and prognostic algorithms, obstacles including algorithmic bias, data privacy, and model interpretability continue to limit its widespread clinical adoption.

Authors

  • Jheremy S Reyes
    Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, Neurological surgery department, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA. reyesbarretojs@upmc.edu.
  • Vanshika N Lohia
    Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, Neurological surgery department, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
  • Timoteo Almeida
    Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, Neurological surgery department, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
  • Ajay Niranjan
    Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, Neurological surgery department, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
  • L Dade Lunsford
    Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
  • Costas G Hadjipanayis
    Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, Neurological surgery department, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

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