Precision medicine applications in dilated cardiomyopathy: Advancing personalized care.

Journal: Current problems in cardiology
Published Date:

Abstract

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a prevalent cardiac disorder affecting 1 in 250-500 individuals, characterized by ventricular dilation and impaired systolic function, leading to heart failure and increased mortality, including sudden cardiac death. DCM arises from genetic and environmental factors, such as drug-induced, inflammatory, and viral causes, resulting in diverse yet overlapping phenotypes. Advances in precision medicine are revolutionizing DCM management by leveraging genetic and molecular profiling for tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review highlights comprehensive diagnostic evaluations, genetic discoveries, and multi-omics approaches integrating genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data to enhance understanding of DCM pathophysiology. Innovative risk stratification methods, including machine learning, are improving predictions of disease progression. Despite these advancements, the current one-size-fits-all management strategy contributes to persistently high morbidity and mortality. Emerging targeted therapies, such as CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, aetiology-specific interventions, and pharmacogenomics, are reshaping treatment paradigms. Precision medicine holds promise for optimizing DCM diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes, aiming to reduce the burden of this debilitating condition.

Authors

  • Elina Khattab
    Cardiology Department, Consultant Interventional Cardiologist, Nicosia General Hospital, State Health Services Organization, 215, Old Road Nicosia-Limassol, Nicosia 2029, Cyprus.
  • Michael M Myrianthefs
    Cardiology Department, Consultant Interventional Cardiologist, Nicosia General Hospital, State Health Services Organization, 215, Old Road Nicosia-Limassol, Nicosia 2029, Cyprus.
  • Stefanos Sakellaropoulos
    Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Clinic, Kantonsspital Baden, Baden 5404, Switzerland.
  • Kyriakos Alexandrou
    Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology; Archiepiskopou Kyprianou 30, Limassol 3036, Cyprus.
  • Andreas Mitsis
    Cardiology Department, Consultant Interventional Cardiologist, Nicosia General Hospital, State Health Services Organization, 215, Old Road Nicosia-Limassol, Nicosia 2029, Cyprus. Electronic address: andymits7@gmail.com.