Structure and function of Vitis vinifera Arabidopsis Response Regulator 1 (VvARR1) protein provide insights into the regulatory mechanism of grape fruit shape through gibberellin-cytokinin crosstalk.

Journal: International journal of biological macromolecules
Published Date: Aug 1, 2025

Abstract

Grape fruit shape is a crucial agricultural trait that significantly impacts the commercial value of grapes. In this study, we developed a machine learning system to classify grape fruit shapes, offering an objective phenotypic assessment method. Multi-omics profiling indicated that exogenous GA treatment-induced fruit shape variations may occur via gibberellin-cytokinin crosstalk and identified VvARR1 as a key gene. VvARR1 contains a 2043-bp ORF encoding a 680-amino-acid protein with a molecular weight of 74.1 kDa. Transgenic tomato experiments verified the function of VvARR1, and its expression profiles vary among different fruit shape varieties. Molecular docking and dynamics revealed hydrogen bond interactions between VvARR1 and specific DNA sequences containing the GAT motif. These findings provide a molecular framework for elucidating how VvARR1 modulates cytokinin-responsive pathways to shape fruit, enhancing our understanding of plant hormone interactions and strategies for crop enhancement.

Authors

  • Jingyang Wang
    School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China.
  • Changyun Zhang
    National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
  • Xuewei Liu
    （ 450046） Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
  • Xiucai Fan
    National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
  • Ying Zhang
    Department of Nephrology, Nanchong Central Hospital Affiliated to North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
  • Chonghuai Liu
    National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
  • Lei Sun
    1Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105 USA.

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