Calibration and validation of accelerometer-based activity monitors: A systematic review of machine-learning approaches.

Journal: Gait & posture
Published Date:

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Objective measures using accelerometer-based activity monitors have been extensively used in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) research. To measure PA and SB precisely, the field is shifting towards machine learning-based (ML) approaches for calibration and validation of accelerometer-based activity monitors. Nevertheless, various parameters regarding the use and development of ML-based models, including data type (raw acceleration data versus activity counts), sampling frequency, window size, input features, ML technique, accelerometer placement, and free-living settings, affect the predictive ability of ML-based models. The effects of these parameters on ML-based models have remained elusive, and will be systematically reviewed here. The open challenges were identified and recommendations are made for future studies and directions.

Authors

  • Vahid Farrahi
    Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Electronic address: Vahid.farrahi@oulu.fi.
  • Maisa Niemelä
    Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Infotech, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
  • Maarit Kangas
    Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
  • Raija Korpelainen
    Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Oulu Deaconess Institute, Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Finland.
  • Timo Jämsä
    Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Infotech, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.