Newborn Eye Screening as an Application of AI.

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications are diverse and serve varied functions in clinical practice. The most successful products today are clinical decision tools used by physicians, but autonomous AI is gaining traction. Widespread use of AI is limited in part because of concerns about bias, fault-tolerance, and specificity. Adoption of AI often depends on removing cost and complexity in clinical workflow integration, providing clear incentives for use, and providing clear demonstration of clinical outcome. Existing wide-angle photographic screening could be integrated into the clinical workflow based on prior implementations for premature babies and linked with AI interpretation with existing technology. Incidence of retinal abnormality, clinical considerations, AI performance, grading variation for AI-augmented human grading, and cost and policy aspects play a significant role. Improved outcomes for newborns and a relatively high estimated incidence of abnormality have been named as benefits to counterweigh costs in the long term. .