Artificial intelligence and radiologists in prostate cancer detection on MRI (PI-CAI): an international, paired, non-inferiority, confirmatory study.

Journal: The Lancet. Oncology
Published Date:

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) systems can potentially aid the diagnostic pathway of prostate cancer by alleviating the increasing workload, preventing overdiagnosis, and reducing the dependence on experienced radiologists. We aimed to investigate the performance of AI systems at detecting clinically significant prostate cancer on MRI in comparison with radiologists using the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS 2.1) and the standard of care in multidisciplinary routine practice at scale.

Authors

  • Anindo Saha
    Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Department of Medical Imaging, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
  • Joeran S Bosma
    University Medical Centre Nijmegen, DIAG, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
  • Jasper J Twilt
    Minimally Invasive Image-Guided Intervention Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
  • Bram van Ginneken
    Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Fraunhofer Mevis, Bremen, Germany.
  • Anders Bjartell
    Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
  • Anwar R Padhani
    From the Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Rickmansworth Road, Northwood, Middlesex HA6 2RN, England (A.R.P.); and Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.T.).
  • David Bonekamp
    From the Department of Radiology (D.B., P.S., J.P.R., P.K., K.Y., M.F., H.P.S.), Division of Medical Image Computing (S.K., M.G., N.G., K.H.M.H.), Division of Statistics (M.W.), and Department of Medical Physics (T.A.K., F.D.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany (D.B., H.P.S., K.H.M.H.); and Departments of Urology (J.P.R., B.H., M.H., B.A.H.) and Neuroradiology (P.K.), University of Heidelberg Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Geert Villeirs
    Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
  • Georg Salomon
    Martini Klinik-Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
  • Gianluca Giannarini
  • Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer
    Department of Radiology, MGH/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.
  • Jelle Barentsz
    Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
  • Klaus H Maier-Hein
    Medical Image Computing (MIC), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: k.maier-hein@dkfz.de.
  • Mirabela Rusu
    Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: mirabela.rusu@stanford.edu.
  • Olivier Rouviere
    Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Urinary and Vascular Imaging, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
  • Roderick van den Bergh
    Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
  • Valeria Panebianco
    Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza/Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.
  • Veeru Kasivisvanathan
    Department of Urology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK; Division of Surgery, University College London, London, UK.
  • Nancy A Obuchowski
    Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
  • Derya Yakar
    Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: d.yakar@umcg.nl.
  • Mattijs Elschot
    Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Tronheim, Norway; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
  • Jeroen Veltman
    Multi-Modality Medical Imaging, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Ziekenhuisgroep Twente, Almelo, The Netherlands.
  • Jurgen J Fütterer
    Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
  • Maarten de Rooij
    Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud university medical center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
  • Henkjan Huisman
    Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.