Artificial intelligence in the detection and treatment of depressive disorders: a narrative review of literature.

Journal: International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England)
PMID:

Abstract

Modern psychiatry aims to adopt precision models and promote personalized treatment within mental health care. However, the complexity of factors underpinning mental disorders and the variety of expressions of clinical conditions make this task arduous for clinicians. Globally, major depression is a common mental disorder and encompasses a constellation of clinical manifestations and a variety of etiological factors. In this context, the use of Artificial Intelligence might help clinicians in the screening and diagnosis of depression on a wider scale and could also facilitate their task in predicting disease outcomes by considering complex interactions between prodromal and clinical symptoms, neuroimaging data, genetics, or biomarkers. In this narrative review, we report on the most significant evidence from current international literature regarding the use of Artificial Intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of major depression, specifically focusing on the use of Natural Language Processing, Chatbots, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning.

Authors

  • Fabiana Ricci
    Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
  • Daniela Giallanella
    Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
  • Costanza Gaggiano
    Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
  • Julio Torales
    Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Cátedra de Psicología Médica, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.
  • João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
    Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, Fundação do ABC, Santo André, Brazil.
  • Michael Liebrenz
    Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Bern, Switzerland.
  • Abdulbari Bener
    Department of Medical Statistics and Medical Informatics, Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Evidence for Population Health Unit, School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, The University of Manchester Manchester, UK.
  • Antonio Ventriglio
    University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.