Water-Stable Magnetic Lipiodol Micro-Droplets as a Miniaturized Robotic Tool for Drug Delivery.

Journal: Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
PMID: 39538994

Abstract

Magnetic microrobots, designed to navigate the complex environments of the human body, show promise for minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment. However, their clinical adoption faces hurdles such as biocompatibility, precise control, and intelligent tracking. Here a novel formulation (referred to water-stable magnetic lipiodol micro-droplets, MLMD), integrating clinically approved lipiodol, gelatin, and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) with a fundamental understanding of the structure-property relationships is presented. This formulation demonstrates multiple improved properties including flowability, shape adaptability, efficient drug loading, and compatibility with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) imaging in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. This enables the MLMD as a versatile tool for image-guided therapy, supported by a close-looped magnetic navigation system featuring artificial intelligence (AI)-driven visual feedback for autonomous control. The system effectively performs navigational tasks, including pinpointing specific locations of MLMD, recognizing and avoiding obstacles, mapping and following predetermined paths, and utilizing magnetic fields for precise motion planning to achieve visual drug delivery. The MLMD combines magnetic actuation with an AI-directed close-looped navigation, offering a transformative platform for targeted therapeutic delivery.

Authors

  • En Ren
    State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
  • Jing Hu
    College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China xmpuscu@scu.edu.cn +86 028 8541 2290.
  • Ziyang Mei
    State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
  • Lin Lin
    Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, zhibinli33@163.com, liusuhuan@xmu.edu.cn.
  • Qian Zhang
    The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking, China.
  • Pan He
    State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
  • Junqing Wang
    School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
  • Tao Sheng
    School of Computer Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
  • Hu Chen
  • Hongwei Cheng
    Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
  • Tiantian Xu
    Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent System, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
  • Shiyao Pang
    State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
  • Yang Zhang
    Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
  • Qixuan Dai
    State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
  • Xing Gao
    Research Centre for Medical Robotics and Minimally Invasive Surgical Devices, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
  • Hui Liu
    Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
  • Hongjun Li
    School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zhangdian District, No. 12, Zhangzhou Road, Zibo, Shandong Province, China.
  • Yang Zhao
    The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
  • Zhen Gu
    State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, and Liangzhu Laboratory, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
  • Xiaohui Yan
    State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
  • Gang Liu
    Department of Interventional Radiology, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China.

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