Optimizing Bi-LSTM networks for improved lung cancer detection accuracy.

Journal: PloS one
PMID:

Abstract

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with low survival rates often attributed to late-stage diagnosis. To address this critical health challenge, researchers have developed computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems that rely on feature extraction from medical images. However, accurately identifying the most informative image features for lung cancer detection remains a significant challenge. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of both hand-crafted and deep learning-based approaches for lung cancer diagnosis. We employed traditional hand-crafted features, such as Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features, in conjunction with traditional machine learning algorithms. To explore the potential of deep learning, we also optimized and implemented a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) network for lung cancer detection. The results revealed that the highest performance using hand-crafted features was achieved by extracting GLCM features and utilizing Support Vector Machine (SVM) with different kernels, reaching an accuracy of 99.78% and an AUC of 0.999. However, the deep learning Bi-LSTM network surpassed both methods, achieving an accuracy of 99.89% and an AUC of 1.0000. These findings suggest that the proposed methodology, combining hand-crafted features and deep learning, holds significant promise for enhancing early lung cancer detection and ultimately improving diagnosis systems.

Authors

  • Su Diao
    Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America.
  • Yajie Wan
    Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America.
  • Danyi Huang
    Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
  • Shijia Huang
    Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America.
  • Touseef Sadiq
    Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research, Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Agder, Jon Lilletuns vei 9, 4879 Grimstad, Norway.
  • Mohammad Shahbaz Khan
    Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States of America.
  • Lal Hussain
    Department of Computer Sciences & Information Technology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, City Campus 13100, Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
  • Badr S Alkahtani
    Department of Mathematics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  • Tehseen Mazhar
    Department of Computer Science, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.