A network toxicology and machine learning approach to investigate the mechanism of kidney injury from melamine and cyanuric acid co-exposure.

Journal: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
PMID: 40088607

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Within the past two decades, high-profile cases of melamine (MA) exposure have raised significant toxicological concerns, particularly regarding food adulteration. While widely used as a fundamental organic chemical intermediate in various household products, MA's potential for unexpected toxicological synergy with its homolog, cyanuric acid (CA), remains a concern. This study aimed to investigate the nephrotoxicity of combined melamine and cyanuric acid (MC) exposure and its underlying mechanisms in rats through an integrative approach, combining network toxicology (NT), bioinformatics, and experimental validation.

Authors

  • Zhan Wang
    Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensor, Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China.
  • Zhaokai Zhou
    Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
  • Zihao Zhao
    School of Information and Computer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
  • Junjie Zhang
    Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China.
  • Shengli Zhang
    Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
  • Luping Li
    Huawei Technologies Co, Shenzhen, China.
  • Yingzhong Fan
    Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
  • Qi Li
    The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.

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