Use of an Untrained Large Language Model for Antibiotic Prescription in Pediatric Infectious Diseases at Primary Care Settings: A Study From the Italian Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases.

Journal: The Pediatric infectious disease journal
Published Date: Jun 1, 2025

Abstract

The development of artificial intelligence systems is revolutionizing many fields of medicine, but specific studies are still missing in pediatrics. In our study, we showed that an untrained free-to-use large language model provided reliable responses regarding antibiotic prescription for 13 primary-care scenarios of pediatric infections.

Authors

  • Daniele Zama
    Paediatric Emergency Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
  • Sara Cerasi
    Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
  • Riccardo Manzalini
    From the Pediatric Emergency Unit.
  • Marcello Lanari
    Paediatric Emergency Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
  • Samantha Bosis
    Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Lombardia, Italy.
  • Guido Castelli Gattinara
    Institute of Child Health, Ospedale Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
  • Elena Chiappini
    Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
  • Claudia Colomba
    Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) - University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
  • Maia De Luca
    Infectious Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy.
  • Silvia Garazzino
    Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Regina Margherita Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
  • Giangiacomo Nicolini
    UOC Pediatrics and Neonatal Pathology, Ospedale San Martino Belluno, Belluno, Italy.
  • Davide Leardini
    Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
  • Andrea Lo Vecchio
    Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy.

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