Grader Variability and the Importance of Reference Standards for Evaluating Machine Learning Models for Diabetic Retinopathy.

Journal: Ophthalmology
Published Date:

Abstract

PURPOSE: Use adjudication to quantify errors in diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading based on individual graders and majority decision, and to train an improved automated algorithm for DR grading.

Authors

  • Jonathan Krause
    Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
  • Varun Gulshan
    Google Inc, Mountain View, California.
  • Ehsan Rahimy
    Department of Ophthalmology, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, California.
  • Peter Karth
    Oregon Eye Consultants, Eugene, Oregon.
  • Kasumi Widner
    Google Inc, Mountain View, California.
  • Greg S Corrado
    Google Health, Palo Alto, CA USA.
  • Lily Peng
    Google Inc, Mountain View, California.
  • Dale R Webster
    Google Inc, Mountain View, California.