Cancer Modeling-on-a-Chip with Future Artificial Intelligence Integration.

Journal: Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)
Published Date: Nov 13, 2019

Abstract

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, despite the large efforts to improve the understanding of cancer biology and development of treatments. The attempts to improve cancer treatment are limited by the complexity of the local milieu in which cancer cells exist. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a diverse population of tumor cells and stromal cells with immune constituents, microvasculature, extracellular matrix components, and gradients of oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors. The TME is not recapitulated in traditional models used in cancer investigation, limiting the translation of preliminary findings to clinical practice. Advances in 3D cell culture, tissue engineering, and microfluidics have led to the development of "cancer-on-a-chip" platforms that expand the ability to model the TME in vitro and allow for high-throughput analysis. The advances in the development of cancer-on-a-chip platforms, implications for drug development, challenges to leveraging this technology for improved cancer treatment, and future integration with artificial intelligence for improved predictive drug screening models are discussed.

Authors

  • Kirsten Lee Fetah
    Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
  • Benjamin J DiPardo
    Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
  • Eve-Mary Kongadzem
    School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, FI-65101, Vaasa, Finland.
  • James S Tomlinson
    Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
  • Adam Elzagheid
    Biotechnology Research Center, Libyan Authority for Research, Science and Technology, Tripoli, Libya.
  • Mohammed Elmusrati
    Department of Industrial Digitalization, School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland.
  • Ali Khademhosseini
    Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
  • Nureddin Ashammakhi
    Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.

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