Caudal Epidural Injections in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Comparison of Nonimage, Ultrasonography-, and Fluoroscopy-Guided Techniques. A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Journal:
The Permanente journal
PMID:
35348084
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Caudal epidural injections (CEIs) are widely used in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Imaging modalities, such as fluoroscopy and ultrasonography, are frequently employed to confirm proper needle placement and to prevent possible complications. This is a prospective, randomized, study aiming to compare the efficacy of nonimage, ultrasonography-, and fluoroscopy-guided CEIs for the management of LSS.