Artificial intelligence extension of the OSCAR-IB criteria.

Journal: Annals of clinical and translational neurology
PMID: 34008926

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostic algorithms have achieved ambitious aims through automated image pattern recognition. For neurological disorders, this includes neurodegeneration and inflammation. Scalable imaging technology for big data in neurology is optical coherence tomography (OCT). We highlight that OCT changes observed in the retina, as a window to the brain, are small, requiring rigorous quality control pipelines. There are existing tools for this purpose. Firstly, there are human-led validated consensus quality control criteria (OSCAR-IB) for OCT. Secondly, these criteria are embedded into OCT reporting guidelines (APOSTEL). The use of the described annotation of failed OCT scans advances machine learning. This is illustrated through the present review of the advantages and disadvantages of AI-based applications to OCT data. The neurological conditions reviewed here for the use of big data include Alzheimer disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson disease, and epilepsy. It is noted that while big data is relevant for AI, ownership is complex. For this reason, we also reached out to involve representatives from patient organizations and the public domain in addition to clinical and research centers. The evidence reviewed can be grouped in a five-point expansion of the OSCAR-IB criteria to embrace AI (OSCAR-AI). The review concludes by specific recommendations on how this can be achieved practically and in compliance with existing guidelines.

Authors

  • Axel Petzold
    Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
  • Philipp Albrecht
    Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
  • Laura Balcer
    Departments of Neurology, Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA.
  • Erik Bekkers
    AMLAB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  • Alexander U Brandt
    Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Neurology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
  • Peter A Calabresi
    Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Orla Galvin Deborah
    Retina International, Dublin, Ireland.
  • Jennifer S Graves
    Department of Neurosciences, UC, San Diego, California, USA.
  • Ari Green
    Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
  • Pearse A Keane
    National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
  • Jenny A Nij Bijvank
    Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands.
  • Josemir W Sander
    NIHR UCL Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
  • Friedemann Paul
    Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Neurology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universitt zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Digital Future Berlin, Germany.
  • Shiv Saidha
    Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Pablo Villoslada
    August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
  • Siegfried K Wagner
    National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
  • E Ann Yeh
    Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Neurosciences and Metnal Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: ann.yeh@sickkids.ca.

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