Deep learning reveals lung shape differences on baseline chest CT between mild and severe COVID-19: A multi-site retrospective study.

Journal: Computers in biology and medicine
Published Date: May 23, 2024

Abstract

Severe COVID-19 can lead to extensive lung disease causing lung architectural distortion. In this study we employed machine learning and statistical atlas-based approaches to explore possible changes in lung shape among COVID-19 patients and evaluated whether the extent of these changes was associated with COVID-19 severity. On a large multi-institutional dataset (N = 3443), three different populations were defined; a) healthy (no COVID-19), b) mild COVID-19 (no ventilator required), c) severe COVID-19 (ventilator required), and the presence of lung shape differences between them were explored using baseline chest CT. Significant lung shape differences were observed along mediastinal surfaces of the lungs across all severity of COVID-19 disease. Additionally, differences were seen on basal surfaces of the lung when compared between healthy and severe COVID-19 patients. Finally, an AI model (a 3D residual convolutional network) characterizing these shape differences coupled with lung infiltrates (ground-glass opacities and consolidation regions) was found to be associated with COVID-19 severity.

Authors

  • Amogh Hiremath
    Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. axh672@case.edu.
  • Vidya Sankar Viswanathan
    Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
  • Kaustav Bera
    Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering, 2071 Martin Luther King Dr, Cleveland, OH 44106-7207 (M. Khorrami, K.B., A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine (M. Khunger) and Solid Tumor Oncology (A.Z., P.P.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY (R.T.); Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (P.R.); Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (P.F.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, New York University, New York, NY (V.V.); Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio (A.M.).
  • Rakesh Shiradkar
    Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
  • Lei Yuan
    Department of Pharmacy, Baodi People's Hospital, Tianjin, China.
  • Keith Armitage
    University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland, OH, USA.
  • Robert Gilkeson
    University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Cleveland, OH, USA.
  • Mengyao Ji
    School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
  • Pingfu Fu
    Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering, 2071 Martin Luther King Dr, Cleveland, OH 44106-7207 (M. Khorrami, K.B., A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine (M. Khunger) and Solid Tumor Oncology (A.Z., P.P.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY (R.T.); Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (P.R.); Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (P.F.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, New York University, New York, NY (V.V.); Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio (A.M.).
  • Amit Gupta
    Department of Cardiology, SKIMS, Srinagar, India. Electronic address: amitcardio12@gmail.com.
  • Cheng Lu
    Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China. lv_cheng0816@163.com.
  • Anant Madabhushi
    Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.

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