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Causality

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Surgery duration: Optimized prediction and causality analysis.

PloS one
Accurate estimation of duration of surgery (DOS) can lead to cost-effective utilization of surgical staff and operating rooms and decrease patients' waiting time. In this study, we present a supervised DOS nonlinear regression prediction model whose ...

A structural characterization of shortcut features for prediction.

European journal of epidemiology
With the rising use of machine learning for healthcare applications, practitioners are increasingly confronted with the limitations of prediction models that are trained in one setting but meant to be deployed in several others. One recently identifi...

The Future of Causal Inference.

American journal of epidemiology
The past several decades have seen exponential growth in causal inference approaches and their applications. In this commentary, we provide our top-10 list of emerging and exciting areas of research in causal inference. These include methods for high...

Deep mendelian randomization: Investigating the causal knowledge of genomic deep learning models.

PLoS computational biology
Multi-task deep learning (DL) models can accurately predict diverse genomic marks from sequence, but whether these models learn the causal relationships between genomic marks is unknown. Here, we describe Deep Mendelian Randomization (DeepMR), a meth...

Decomposing predictability to identify dominant causal drivers in complex ecosystems.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Ecosystems are complex systems of various physical, biological, and chemical processes. Since ecosystem dynamics are composed of a mixture of different levels of stochasticity and nonlinearity, handling these data is a challenge for existing methods ...

Emulate randomized clinical trials using heterogeneous treatment effect estimation for personalized treatments: Methodology review and benchmark.

Journal of biomedical informatics
Big data and (deep) machine learning have been ambitious tools in digital medicine, but these tools focus mainly on association. Intervention in medicine is about the causal effects. The average treatment effect has long been studied as a measure of ...

A Flexible Approach for Assessing Heterogeneity of Causal Treatment Effects on Patient Survival Using Large Datasets with Clustered Observations.

International journal of environmental research and public health
Personalized medicine requires an understanding of treatment effect heterogeneity. Evolving toward causal evidence for scenarios not studied in randomized trials necessitates a methodology using real-world evidence. Herein, we demonstrate a methodolo...

The Causal Plausibility Decision in Healthcare.

Studies in health technology and informatics
The explosion of interest in exploiting machine learning techniques in healthcare has brought the issue of inferring causation from observational data to centre stage. In our work in supporting the health decisions of the individual person/patient-as...

An introduction to causal inference for pharmacometricians.

CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology
As formal causal inference begins to play a greater role in disciplines that intersect with pharmacometrics, such as biostatistics, epidemiology, and artificial intelligence/machine learning, pharmacometricians may increasingly benefit from a basic f...

Practical Guide to Honest Causal Forests for Identifying Heterogeneous Treatment Effects.

American journal of epidemiology
"Heterogeneous treatment effects" is a term which refers to conditional average treatment effects (i.e., CATEs) that vary across population subgroups. Epidemiologists are often interested in estimating such effects because they can help detect popula...