Classification of subtask types and skill levels in robot-assisted surgery using EEG, eye-tracking, and machine learning.

Journal: Surgical endoscopy
PMID:

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Objective and standardized evaluation of surgical skills in robot-assisted surgery (RAS) holds critical importance for both surgical education and patient safety. This study introduces machine learning (ML) techniques using features derived from electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye-tracking data to identify surgical subtasks and classify skill levels.

Authors

  • Somayeh B Shafiei
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Human in the Loop System Laboratory, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
  • Saeed Shadpour
    Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
  • James L Mohler
    Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
  • Eric C Kauffman
  • Matthew Holden
    Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada.
  • Camille Gutierrez
    Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Program, Sisters of Charity Health System, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.