Constipation and risk of death and cardiovascular events.

Journal: Atherosclerosis
PMID:

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Constipation is one of the most frequent symptoms encountered in daily clinical practice and is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis, potentially through altered gut microbiota. However, little is known about its association with incident cardiovascular events.

Authors

  • Keiichi Sumida
    Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States; Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
  • Miklos Z Molnar
    Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States; Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute, Memphis, TN, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.
  • Praveen K Potukuchi
    Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.
  • Fridtjof Thomas
    Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.
  • Jun Ling Lu
    Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.
  • Kunihiro Yamagata
    Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
  • Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
    Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California-Irvine, Orange, CA, United States.
  • Csaba P Kovesdy
    Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States; Nephrology Section, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, United States. Electronic address: ckovesdy@uthsc.edu.