Integrated multiple machine learning and Mendelian randomization reveal LTF gene as a prognostic biomarker for nonspecific orbital inflammation.

Journal: BMC pharmacology & toxicology
Published Date: Aug 4, 2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Nonspecific orbital inflammation (NSOI), also known as idiopathic orbital inflammation, comprises a heterogeneous group of immune-mediated disorders affecting orbital tissues, unified by the absence of a defined etiology. Lactotransferrin (LTF), an iron-binding glycoprotein, exerts potent antimicrobial activity by sequestering iron essential for microbial growth, and demonstrates broad-spectrum antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties.

Authors

  • Zixuan Wu
    State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
  • Jinfeng Xu
    Department of Ultrasound, The Second Clinical Medical Collegeļ¼ŒJinan University, Guangdong, China.
  • Yuan Gao
    Engineering Research Center of EMR and Intelligent Expert System, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang Province, China.
  • Kang Tan
    James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. k.tan.3@research.gla.ac.uk.
  • Xiaolei Yao
    Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China. yxlshh@126.com.
  • Qinghua Peng
    School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.

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