Machine learning algorithms to predict the risk of admission to intensive care units in HIV-infected individuals: a single-centre study.

Journal: Virology journal
Published Date:

Abstract

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV from a rapidly progressive and fatal disease to a chronic disease with limited impact on life expectancy. However, people living with HIV(PLWHs) faced high critical illness risk due to the increased prevalence of various comorbidities and are admitted to the Intensive Care Unit(ICU). This study aimed to use machine learning to predict ICU admission risk in PLWHs. 1530 HIV patients (199 admitted to ICU) from Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University were enrolled in the study. Classification models were built based on logistic regression(LOG), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network(ANN), and extreme gradient boosting(XGB). The risk of ICU admission was predicted using the Brier score, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC), and area under the precision-recall curve(PR-ROC) for internal validation and ranked by Shapley plot. The ANN model performed best in internal validation (Brier score = 0.034, ROC-AUC = 0.961, PR-AUC = 0.895) to predict the risk of ICU admission for PLWHs. 11 important features were identified to predict predict ICU admission risk by the Shapley plot: respiratory failure, multiple opportunistic infections in the respiratory system, AIDS defining cancers, baseline viral load, PCP, baseline CD4 cell count, and unexplained infections. An intelligent healthcare prediction system could be developed based on the medical records of PLWHs, and the ANN model performed best in effectively predicting the risk of ICU admission, which helped physicians make timely clinical interventions, alleviate patients suffering, and reduce healthcare cost.

Authors

  • Jialu Li
    Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
  • Yi Ding
    Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
  • Yiwei Hao
    Division of Medical Record and Statistics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
  • Chengyu Gao
    Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
  • Jinjing Xiao
    Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
  • Ying Liu
    The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
  • Yining Zhao
  • Qinlan Li
  • Lulu Xing
  • Hongyuan Liang
    Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
  • Liang Ni
    Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
  • Fang Wang
    Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Information Processing of Ministry of Education and Hunan Key Laboratory for Computation and Simulation in Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China.
  • Sa Wang
    Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
  • Di Yang
    Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
  • Guiju Gao
    Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
  • Jiang Xiao
    Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
  • Hongxin Zhao
    Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.