Artificial Intelligence Medical Compendium

INTRODUCTION: The global incidence of skin cancer is rising, emphasizing the need for early detection tools. Artificial intelligence (AI) models, including multimodal systems like ChatGPT-4o, can analyze visual data to assist clinicians in diagnosis.... read more 

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Congress of Neurological Surgeons Self-Assessment for Neurological Surgeons questions are widely used by neurosurgical residents to prepare for written board examinations. Recently, these questions have also served as b... read more 

UNLABELLED: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology enables researchers to explore heterogeneity of diverse cell types within complex tissues at the single-cell resolution. Cell annotation, as a crucial step in scRNA-seq data analysis, prov... read more 

Although artificial intelligence-particularly large-language models-receives daily attention, the application of AI to image-recognition challenges in clinical microbiology has been under development for several years. In the accompanying article, B.... read more 

A universal design framework for high-performance catalysts remains challenging due to diverse structures and active sites. We developed a framework integrating weighted atom-centered symmetry function (wACSF) descriptors with machine learning, micro... read more 

PurposeTo evaluate the utility of CataractBot, an LLM (Large Language Model)-powered chatbot that provides doctor-verified answers to patient questions about cataract surgery. We examine its use by both end-users (patients and attendants) and medical... read more 

OBJECTIVES: To compare machine learning models using different combinations of clinical and imaging variables for classifying ischemic stroke patients as having an onset-to-imaging (OTI) time within or beyond 4.5 h. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed... read more 

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to curate a prostate MRI dataset from a screening population and to train and evaluate a deep-learning segmentation method on the same data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An artificial intelligence (AI) system, based on... read more 

OBJECTIVE: Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are essential for optimizing radiation dose in CT examinations. However, current DRLs may not reflect the performance of CT scanners or the background of individual facilities, potentially leading to misl... read more 

PURPOSE: To develop accelerated 3D phase contrast (PC) MRI using jointly learned wave encoding and reconstruction. METHODS: Pseudo-fully sampled neurovascular 4D flow data (N = 40) and a simulation framework were used to learn phase encoding location... read more