Artificial intelligence-enabled microsphere imaging immunosensor based on magnetic metal-organic frameworks-assisted sample pretreatment for detecting aflatoxin B in peanuts.
Journal:
Journal of hazardous materials
Published Date:
Apr 25, 2025
Abstract
Sensitive and rapid detection of aflatoxin B (AFB) is vital for safeguarding food safety, considering its potent carcinogenic toxicity. Herein, an artificial intelligence-enabled microsphere imaging (AI-MI) immunosensor based on magnetic metal-organic frameworks-assisted sample pretreatment was developed for detecting AFB in peanuts. In this work, FeO@MIL-101(Fe) served as a magnetic adsorbent to efficiently enrich AFB. Based on the competitive immunoreaction, the enriched AFB modulated the amount of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled goat anti-mouse antibody conjugated on the polystyrene (PS) immuno-microsphere. The HRP can catalyze the rapid formation of polydopamine on the surface of the PS microsphere with additional hydrogen peroxide. Due to the abundant functional groups, the polydopamine coating could adsorb amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles to form PS probes. The PS probes were magnetically separated, visualized with an optical microscope, and counted using a computer vision algorithm. Finally, the changes in the number of PS probes were correlated with the amount of AFB. Under optimized conditions, FeO@MIL-101(Fe) exhibited remarkable enrichment capacity (1.59 mg/g), and the AI-MI immunosensor showed a high sensitivity (4.90 pg/mL, 19-fold improvement over enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and a wide linear range (from 0.01 to 500 ng/mL) for AFB. This AI-MI immunosensor holds significant promise for intelligent detection of trace toxins.
