Lycopene-rich extract from red guava (Psidium guajava L.) displays cytotoxic effect against human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 via an apoptotic-like pathway.

Journal: Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)
PMID: 29433206

Abstract

This study investigated a lycopene-rich extract from red guava (LEG) for its chemical composition using spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and computational studies. The cytotoxic activity of LEG and the underlying mechanism was studied in human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7), murine fibroblast cells (NIH-3T3), BALB/c murine peritoneal macrophages, and sheep blood erythrocytes by evaluating the cell viability with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method and flow cytometry. Spectrophotometry analysis showed that LEG contained 20% of lycopene per extract dry weight. Experimental and theoretical ATR-FTIR suggests the presence of lycopene, whereas MS/MS spectra obtained after fragmentation of the molecular ion [M] of 536.4364 show fragment ions at m/z 269.2259, 375.3034, 444.3788, and 467.3658, corroborating the presence of lycopene mostly related to all-trans configuration. Treatment with LEG (1600 to 6.25μg/mL) for 24 and 72h significantly affected the viability of MCF-7 cells (mean half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC]=29.85 and 5.964μg/mL, respectively) but not NIH-3T3 cells (IC=1579 and 911.5μg/mL, respectively). Furthermore LEG at concentrations from 800 to 6.25μg/mL presented low cytotoxicity against BALB/c peritoneal macrophages (IC≥800μg/mL) and no hemolytic activity. LEG (400 and 800μg/mL) caused reduction in the cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest, DNA fragmentation, modifications in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and morphologic changes related to granularity and size in MCF-7 cells; however, it failed to cause any significant damage to the cell membrane or display necrosis or traditional apoptosis. In conclusion, LEG was able to induce cytostatic and cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells probably via induction of an apoptotic-like pathway.

Authors

  • Raimunda C Dos Santos
    Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Biotec, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
  • Alicia S Ombredane
    Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
  • Jéssica Maria T Souza
    Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Biotec, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
  • Andreanne G Vasconcelos
    Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Biotec, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
  • Alexandra Plácido
    REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
  • Adriany das G N Amorim
    Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Biotec, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
  • Eder Alves Barbosa
    Laboratório de Síntese e Análise de Biomoléculas, LSAB, Instituto de Química, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massa, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
  • Filipe C D A Lima
    Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, Matão, SP, Brazil.
  • Cristina D Ropke
    Phytobios LTDA, Barueri, SP, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Michel M M Alves
    Núcleo de Pesquisa em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
  • Daniel D R Arcanjo
    Núcleo de Pesquisa em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
  • Fernando A A Carvalho
    Núcleo de Pesquisa em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
  • Cristina Delerue-Matos
    REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
  • Graziella A Joanitti
    Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Campus Ceilândia, Centro Metropolitano, Universidade de Brasília, Ceilândia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
  • José Roberto de S A Leite
    Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil. Electronic address: jrsaleite@pq.cnpq.br.

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