Robotic surgery continues to revolutionize the field of urologic surgery, and thus it is crucial that graduating urologic surgery residents demonstrate proficiency with this technology. The large learning curve of utilizing robotic technology limits ...
Surgical robots were first proposed in the 1960s with subsequent development and clinical implementation in the 1980s and 1990s. Recent advances in technology have led to widespread utilization of robots in many surgical subspecialties. In spine surg...