PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of three artificial intelligence (AI) models-ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot-in addressing clinically relevant questions about onabotulinum toxin and sacral neuromodulation (SNM) for the management o...
BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections are widely administered for facial rejuvenation, but their effects on facial expressions remain unclear.
The journal of medical investigation : JMI
Jan 1, 2021
Spasticity is the major cause of disabilities in stroke-survivors. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections have been used to reduce the muscle tone in those patients, but its efficacy in functional outcome is not well delineated. We have studied the e...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of Botulinum-A toxin injection into bladder to treat neurogenic incontinence in patients with spinal cord injury and compare effectiveness of two different doses (200 U and 300 U).
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