Prognostic predictions in psychosis: exploring the complementary role of machine learning models.

Journal: BMJ mental health
Published Date: Jun 26, 2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Predicting outcomes in schizophrenia spectrum disorders is challenging due to the variability of individual trajectories. While machine learning (ML) shows promise in outcome prediction, it has not yet been integrated into clinical practice. Understanding how ML models (MLMs) can complement psychiatrists' predictions and bridge the gap between MLM capabilities and practical use is key.

Authors

  • Violet van Dee
    Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands violetvandee@hotmail.com.
  • Seyed M Kia
    Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Caterina Fregosi
    Department of Informatics, System and Communication, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
  • Wilma E Swildens
    Altrecht Mental Health Care Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Anne Alkema
    University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Albert Batalla
    Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Coen van den Berg
    Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Danko Coric
    GGZ Delfland, Delft, The Netherlands.
  • Edwin van Dellen
    UMC Utrecht, Utrecht. Julius Centrum voor Gezondheidswetenschappen.
  • Lotte G Dijkstra
    Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Arthur van den Doel
    Altrecht Mental Health Care Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Livia S Dominicus
    Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • John Enterman
    Parnassia Group, The Hague, The Netherlands.
  • Frank L Gerritse
    Psychiatry, Tergooi MC, Hilversum, The Netherlands.
  • Marte Z van der Horst
    Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Fedor van Houwelingen
    Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Charlotte S Koch
    Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Lisanne E M Koomen
    Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Marjan Kromkamp
    Mediant Mental Health Care, Enschede, The Netherlands.
  • Michelle Lancee
    Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Brian E Mouthaan
    Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Diane F van Rappard
    Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Eline J Regeer
    Altrecht Mental Health Care Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Raymond W J Salet
    Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Metten Somers
    Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Jorgen Straalman
    Altrecht Mental Health Care Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Marjolein H T de Vette
    BuurtzorgT Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Judith Voogt
    Altrecht Mental Health Care Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Inge Winter-van Rossum
    Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
  • RenĂ© S Kahn
    Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Wiepke Cahn
    From the Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht.
  • Hugo G Schnack
    From the Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht.

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