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Large Language Models

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Performance Assessment of Large Language Models in Medical Consultation: Comparative Study.

JMIR medical informatics
BACKGROUND: The recent introduction of generative artificial intelligence (AI) as an interactive consultant has sparked interest in evaluating its applicability in medical discussions and consultations, particularly within the domain of depression.

Accuracy of Commercial Large Language Model (ChatGPT) to Predict the Diagnosis for Prehospital Patients Suitable for Ambulance Transport Decisions: Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Prehospital emergency care
OBJECTIVES: While ambulance transport decisions guided by artificial intelligence (AI) could be useful, little is known of the accuracy of AI in making patient diagnoses based on the pre-hospital patient care report (PCR). The primary objective of th...

Understanding Citizens' Response to Social Activities on Twitter in US Metropolises During the COVID-19 Recovery Phase Using a Fine-Tuned Large Language Model: Application of AI.

Journal of medical Internet research
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to hold an important place in the collective memory as of 2024. As of March 2024, >676 million cases, 6 million deaths, and 13 billion vaccine doses have been reported. It is crucial to evaluate sociopsycho...

Benchmarking Vision Capabilities of Large Language Models in Surgical Examination Questions.

Journal of surgical education
OBJECTIVE: Recent studies investigated the potential of large language models (LLMs) for clinical decision making and answering exam questions based on text input. Recent developments of LLMs have extended these models with vision capabilities. These...

Improving entity recognition using ensembles of deep learning and fine-tuned large language models: A case study on adverse event extraction from VAERS and social media.

Journal of biomedical informatics
OBJECTIVE: Adverse event (AE) extraction following COVID-19 vaccines from text data is crucial for monitoring and analyzing the safety profiles of immunizations, identifying potential risks and ensuring the safe use of these products. Traditional dee...

Artificial intelligence with ChatGPT 4: a large language model in support of ocular oncology cases.

International ophthalmology
PURPOSE: To evaluate ChatGPT's ability to analyze comprehensive case descriptions of patients with uveal melanoma and provide recommendations for the most appropriate management.

Aligning large language models with radiologists by reinforcement learning from AI feedback for chest CT reports.

European journal of radiology
BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) often struggle to fully capture the nuanced preferences and clinical judgement of radiologists in medical report summarization even when fine-tuned on massive medical reports. This could lead to the generated ...

AI-based medical ethics education: examining the potential of large language models as a tool for virtue cultivation.

BMC medical education
BACKGROUND: With artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly revolutionising medicine, this study critically evaluates the integration of large language models (LLMs), known for advanced text processing and generation capabilities, in medical ethics ed...

Proficiency, Clarity, and Objectivity of Large Language Models Versus Specialists' Knowledge on COVID-19's Impacts in Pregnancy: Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.

JMIR formative research
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly strained health care systems globally, leading to an overwhelming influx of patients and exacerbating resource limitations. Concurrently, an "infodemic" of misinformation, particularly prevalent in ...

Generative AI chatbots for reliable cancer information: Evaluating web-search, multilingual, and reference capabilities of emerging large language models.

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)
Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) enable real-time web search, improved referencing, and multilingual support, yet ensuring they provide safe health information remains crucial. This perspective evaluates seven publicly accessible L...