AIMC Topic: Bias

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A Flexible Approach for Assessing Heterogeneity of Causal Treatment Effects on Patient Survival Using Large Datasets with Clustered Observations.

International journal of environmental research and public health
Personalized medicine requires an understanding of treatment effect heterogeneity. Evolving toward causal evidence for scenarios not studied in randomized trials necessitates a methodology using real-world evidence. Herein, we demonstrate a methodolo...

Evaluation of machine learning methods for covariate data imputation in pharmacometrics.

CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology
Missing data create challenges in clinical research because they lead to loss of statistical power and potentially to biased results. Missing covariate data must be handled with suitable approaches to prepare datasets for pharmacometric analyses, suc...

Algorithmic fairness in computational medicine.

EBioMedicine
Machine learning models are increasingly adopted for facilitating clinical decision-making. However, recent research has shown that machine learning techniques may result in potential biases when making decisions for people in different subgroups, wh...

Randomized Clinical Trials of Machine Learning Interventions in Health Care: A Systematic Review.

JAMA network open
IMPORTANCE: Despite the potential of machine learning to improve multiple aspects of patient care, barriers to clinical adoption remain. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are often a prerequisite to large-scale clinical adoption of an intervention, a...

Differential biases in human-human versus human-robot interactions.

Applied ergonomics
The research on human-robot interactions indicates possible differences toward robot trust that do not exist in human-human interactions. Research on these differences has traditionally focused on performance degradations. The current study sought to...

Narrative Review of Machine Learning in Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases for Clinicians and Researchers: Biases, Goals, and Future Directions.

The Journal of rheumatology
There has been rapid growth in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) analytics in medicine in recent years, including in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). Such methods represent a challenge to clinicians, patients, and researchers, giv...

Event-level prediction of urban crime reveals a signature of enforcement bias in US cities.

Nature human behaviour
Policing efforts to thwart crime typically rely on criminal infraction reports, which implicitly manifest a complex relationship between crime, policing and society. As a result, crime prediction and predictive policing have stirred controversy, with...